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Yup'ik doll
Yup'ik doll (Yup'ik ''yugaq'' sg ''yugak'' dual ''yugat'' pl or ''yuguaq'', ''irniaruaq'', ''irnianguaq'', ''inuguaq''; also, ''yunguaq'' in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, ''sugaq'', ''sugaruaq'', ''suguaq'' in Bristol Bay dialect, ''cugaq'', ''cugaruaq'' in Hooper Bay-Chevak dialect, ''cuucunguar'' in Nunivak dialect) is a traditional Eskimo style doll and figurine form made in the southwestern Alaska by Yup'ik people. Also known as Cup'ik doll for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig doll for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island. Typically, Yup'ik dolls are dressed in traditional Eskimo style Yup'ik clothing (as ''irniaruam atkua'' "doll parka"), intended to protect the wearer from cold weather, and are often made from traditional materials obtained through food gathering. Play dolls from the Yup'ik area were made of wood, bone, or walrus ivory and measured from one to twelve inches in height or more.〔Fienup-Riordan, Ann (2002). "Inuguat, Iinrut, Uyat-llu: Yup'ik dolls, amulets and human figures". ''American Indian Art Magazine'', 27(2): 40–7.〕 Male and female dolls were often distinguished anatomically and can be told apart by the addition of ivory labrets for males and chin tattooing for females.〔Molly Lee (2006), (Not Just a Pretty Face: Dolls and Human Figurines in Alaska Native Cultures )〕 The information about play dolls within Alaska Native cultures is sporadic. As is so often the case in early museum collections, it is difficult to distinguish dolls made for play from those made for ritual.〔 There were always five dolls making up a family: a father, a mother, a son, a daughter, and a baby.〔May Artifact of the Month: (Pair of Yup’ik Dolls from Goodnews Bay ). Sheldon Jackson Museum. May 21, 2011〕 Some human figurines were used by shamans.
==Eskimo doll==
Both Yup'ik, Siberian Yupik, and Iñupiaq dolls are also known as Eskimo doll in Alaska.〔Jones, Suzi (1982, editor). ''Eskimo dolls''. Anchorage: Alaska State Council on the Arts. Text by Susan W. Fair. Photos by Rob Stapleton and Chris Arend. This is an exhibit catalog of the work of 18 Iñupiaq, Yup'ik, Cup'ik and St. Lawrence Island Siberian Yupik dollmakers.〕 It is possible to distinguish Yup'ik human figurines from Iñupiaq examples on the basis of facial features. Yup'ik figurines have a distinct brow line, shaped like two crescents joined at the center by the nose, whereas Iñupiaq figurines lack this brow line and have more pronounced noses and tiny eyes that look as through they had been poked in by the tip of a pencil or pen. The mouth of Yup'ik figurines mirror the crescent shape of the brows, whereas the Inupiaq dolls have small, straight mouths. Overall, the features of the Iñupiaq examples are crudely carved.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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